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Phys.org - latest science and technology news stories

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Coverage from Phys.org - latest science and technology news stories.

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DNA reveals chemosynthesis genes in bacteria living on coral reef fish gills

Chemosynthetic bacteria have been documented in various marine environments and in association with invertebrate hosts such as annelid worms and mollusks, but their presence in fish appears to be a new discovery. The findings show that fish gills host a complex and specialized microbiome that is not yet well understood but could play an important role in fish metabolism, immunity and health.

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NEET with a disability: What's holding back visually impaired young people who want to work

I have been fortunate in my research to follow 80 young people with vision impairment over 11 years. I tracked their journeys from school into adulthood, speaking with them at regular intervals to learn what had happened since we last spoke, what had gone well and what could have been improved.

Original sourcePhys.org - latest science and technology news stories
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Looking for #womenshealth information on Instagram? 4 out of 10 posts are ads

A woman in her 40s scrolls through Instagram. Between photos of friends, recipes and vacation photos, she comes across a video about perimenopause. The woman on screen explains that perimenopause is to blame for feeling tired, having trouble remembering things, struggling to sleep or gaining weight.

Original sourcePhys.org - latest science and technology news stories
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Black hole jets reach far beyond galaxies' visible edges, potentially deciding their fate

Galaxies are enormous and hold hundreds of billions of stars. These stars form from cold, dense gas. Every large galaxy, including the Milky Way, is wrapped in a huge envelope of gas called the circumgalactic medium, or CGM. This reservoir of raw material stretches 10–20 times the size of the visible portion of the galaxy.

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Molecular 'self-destruct' switch discovered: How stressed cells decide between survival and death

A new study from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) has identified a molecular switch that controls whether stressed human cells activate a survival mechanism or trigger programmed cell death (apoptosis). The findings, published in Redox Biology, provide insights that could help overcome chemotherapy resistance in aggressive tumors.

Original sourcePhys.org - latest science and technology news stories
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Digital textbooks significantly boost students' intrinsic learning motivation

A research team from The Education University of Hong Kong (EdUHK) and East China Normal University (ECNU) has published a meta-analysis demonstrating the impact of digital textbooks (DTs) on student motivation. Synthesizing 27 experimental and quasi-experimental studies conducted between 2000 and 2024 with 3,590 participants, the study confirms that DTs significantly enhance students' intrinsic learning motivation compared with traditional paper textbooks.

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Why earwigs infected by parasitic worms head towards water

Earwigs, small, elongated insects with distinctive pincers at the rear of their abdomens, have little reason to enter open water. While many earwig species are attracted to damp environments, they typically avoid open water. Yet past studies have found that European earwigs infected with a parasitic roundworm called Mermis nigrescens tend to head toward open water. The molecular and biological reasons for this unusual behavior have not been fully uncovered.

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Pumpkin-derived enzyme weakens peanut proteins' binding to allergy antibodies in lab tests

Peanut allergy is one of the most serious food allergies and can lead to sudden, life-threatening reactions. Researchers from Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, in collaboration with Wroclaw Medical University, investigated whether a natural enzyme obtained from figleaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia) could reduce recognition of peanut proteins by antibodies involved in allergic reactions.

Original sourcePhys.org - latest science and technology news stories
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Engineers teach spacecraft to 'dream' their way to the space station

Docking with the ISS may seem simple. However, actually doing so shows how difficult orbital mechanics can be. It's like traveling down a highway at 28,000 km/hr (17,000 mph) and parallel parking in an open garage on a multibillion-dollar laboratory traveling at the same speed. If you try to accelerate forward, you actually drift up, and there's no air friction to naturally slow you down. Oh, and if you hit the lab, everyone aboard both your craft and the station dies, and the resulting debris field could wipe out dozens of satellites and even harm people on the ground. No pressure, obviously.

Original sourcePhys.org - latest science and technology news stories
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Sparse layers of 10-nanometer silver particles boost CO production from CO₂

Electrolysis can reduce CO2 to CO, a raw material for chemical products such as fuels. Within the GreenQUEST project, an international team led by HZB chemist Prashanth Menezes has systematically investigated catalyst layers made of silver nanoparticles, varying both particle size and density.

Original sourcePhys.org - latest science and technology news stories
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A real-time look inside spacecraft heat shields during extreme heat conditions

When a spacecraft reenters Earth's atmosphere at hypersonic velocities, its protective heat shield faces extreme conditions, including temperatures beyond 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit (1,650 degrees Celsius). To survive, the shield relies on specialized materials that absorb heat as they degrade in a controlled process called ablation, sacrificing the shield's outer layers to protect the vehicle and crew within.

Original sourcePhys.org - latest science and technology news stories
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Crop protection: A new method for understanding insect sexual communication

A team of INRAE scientists, in collaboration with Université Côte d'Azur and Nanjing Agricultural University in China, has used an innovative AI-based method to identify the sex pheromone of the lily moth1 and the olfactory receptors associated with it. The insect pest, whose caterpillars feed on these plants, is found in Asia and Oceania. This approach to identifying previously unknown molecules opens up new possibilities for identifying pheromones in other species. These molecules play a key role in certain biocontrol strategies currently used to protect crops, particularly in France. The results were obtained as part of the EXPLOR'AE program and published in BMC Biology.

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Testing an antenna layout for the SKA-Low telescope

SKA-Low is a radio telescope under construction in Western Australia. It will operate across a wide frequency range, from 50 to 350 MHz, and will be the most sensitive telescope of its kind ever built. The completed instrument will link 512 stations spread across an area roughly 75 km (47 miles) wide. Each station's antennas work together like a single large dish, so their arrangement directly shapes what the telescope can detect.

Original sourcePhys.org - latest science and technology news stories
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Molecular network resource identifies unknown compounds for biomarker discovery

Medical researchers, clinicians and pharmaceutical scientists often study small molecules called metabolites, which are produced in living cells through a variety of processes, including the breakdown of food, chemicals or drugs. This area of study is known as metabolomics, and it can be used to identify new signs of disease, measure the effectiveness of medical treatment or study how diet and nutrition affect the body.

Original sourcePhys.org - latest science and technology news stories
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Spin rephasing helps quantum memories store single-photon states longer for future networks

We are continuously sending information to each other, transmitting zeros and ones through a giant network of connected computers and devices. Scientists are now trying to extend this familiar concept of the internet to the quantum realm, looking for an efficient way to exchange quantum rather than classical information: qubits instead of bits. The motivation is not just scientific curiosity. Qubits can be a 0, a 1 or any superposition of the two. They can also become entangled, showing a degree of correlation that is out of reach for classical bits.

Original sourcePhys.org - latest science and technology news stories
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Webb detects ammonia and unexpected chill on a distant giant planet

Using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), a team of astronomers led by the University of Maryland identified water, methane and ammonia in the atmosphere of HATS-6 b, a giant planet 500 light-years from Earth. The observations also revealed that HATS-6 b may be significantly cooler than standard calculations predict—suggesting that the planet's relationship with its star may be far more complicated than previously thought.

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Personal experience trumps public reputation when people judge others' refusals

A research team led by Professor Hitoshi Yamamoto of Rissho University experimentally examined how people evaluate others when a person's public reputation conflicts with their own experience with that person. The study was published Sept. 14, 2026, in the journal Evolution and Human Behavior.

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Freezing threatens mRNA delivery, but Tris buffer helps nanoparticles retain their potency

Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have teamed up with pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Company to uncover how storage conditions affect mRNA lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), the technology behind COVID-19 vaccines and other treatments, and how to make them more effective.

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An overlooked era of cosmology is stealing the show in the quest to understand the cosmos

Could you imagine if pagers made a comeback? Sure, your smartphone would still be your notepad-flashlight-camera-personal assistant-MP3 player-wallet-social media browser. But imagine if pagers made it so easy to do that one important thing—pinging your friends and associates—that we all brought them back into our lives, or adopted them for the first time.

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Previously overlooked protein helps cells divide correctly

Modern technologies have made it possible to uncover a growing "hidden proteome"—proteins encoded by parts of the genome that researchers previously overlooked. Advances in sequencing and protein analysis are making it possible to find more of these potential proteins and investigate what they do. Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have now identified one such protein.

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Great news from Saturn's moon Enceladus in the search for life in space

What are the chances of finding extraterrestrial life in our solar system? Frank Postberg, a professor of planetary science at Freie Universität Berlin, has published a study in Science Advances with an international team of researchers. They present new evidence that it is easier to determine the constituents of the ocean hidden beneath Enceladus's icy surface than previously assumed.

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Plant root injuries unleash pressure waves that travel long distances

When plant roots are injured—by insects, for example—the pressure inside the root drops, and a pressure wave spreads rapidly throughout the root system. In neighboring roots, tiny proteins that act as mechanical pressure sensors detect the change and generate electrical and calcium signals.

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Pompeii's destruction helps calibrate volcanic dating to within decades

When Pliny the Younger recorded his firsthand experience of the eruption of Mount Vesuvius 2,000 years ago—a cataclysm that buried Pompeii and killed his uncle, Pliny the Elder—he provided enough detail about the date to allow scientists to benchmark methods for dating volcanic eruptions.

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Climate crisis is affecting children's nutrition

Wildfires, floods and other extreme weather events are no longer the only ways climate change affects children around the world. Increasingly, it also affects their diets. Droughts reduce agricultural production, floods cut off roads and disrupt supply chains, and rising prices limit families' access to fruits, vegetables and other fresh foods.

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Critically endangered species in the heart of Africa: Investigating Hooded Vultures in Chad

Slaughterhouses are places most people never want to go, and might seem like unlikely places to search for rare or endangered species. In West Africa, however, they are among the last places one can find a critically endangered species, the Hooded Vulture, which historically thrived as a human commensal species, living in close proximity to people and contributing to waste disposal.

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Mitochondrial protein complexes: A single amino acid can jeopardize their stability

Removing a single amino acid can determine whether new proteins assemble into stable complexes within mitochondria. An enzyme carries out this precise trimming at the start of mitochondrial proteins. Without it, numerous protein complexes lose their stability, according to a study led by Dr. Nora Vögtle of Heidelberg University and Dr. Pitter Huesgen of the University of Freiburg. In their work published in Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, the scientists identified a previously unknown mechanism by which human cells maintain the balance of proteins in their mitochondria.

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Blood pressure enzyme reveals second job: Making sulfur rings for cellular antioxidants

Antioxidants such as vitamins C and E protect cells by neutralizing free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species, before they can damage genetic material or cell membranes. Such damage can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxidants therefore help prevent cellular damage.

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Nigeria faces world's highest projected heat death toll from super El Niño

Researchers at the University of Chicago's Climate Impact Lab combined temperature forecasts with research on how heat affects death rates in more than 24,000 regions worldwide and found that the super El Niño could cause an estimated 451,000 additional heat-related deaths worldwide between now and February 2027.

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Think you know how long you'll wait? Research says think again.

From coffee shops to customer service call centers, most people believe they have a good sense of how long a service will take. But new research from the University of Florida Warrington College of Business shows that customers often underestimate how much service times can vary, a behavioral bias with important implications for service systems and customers alike.

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Random access quantum memory lets one processor select among seven storage cells

Classical computers can temporarily store the information required to perform specific tasks in a short-term memory component known as RAM (random access memory). This component allows computer processors to retrieve information from a chosen location without searching through all stored data.

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Today's urban inequality goes far beyond legacy of 'redlining,' study shows

The use of racially discriminatory housing maps in the 1930s, a practice known as "redlining," perpetuated multigenerational cycles of poverty and segregation that continue today. While redlining shaped cities, its legacy does not fully explain current urban patterns of privilege and disadvantage, a new study finds.

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Study finds alpine peaks are greening in the Northeast U.S., Canada

In northeastern North America, a stretch of mountains runs 500 miles (800 kilometers) from the Adirondacks in New York to the Gaspé Peninsula in eastern Quebec. Nearly 70 million people live within a day's drive of one of the alpine zones, the areas above the tree line where trees don't grow because of harsh conditions.

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US-India satellite captures time-lapse video of volcanic eruption

Like tendrils on a vine, lava spreads out from the northern crater of Krasheninnikov, a volcano pair on the Pacific coast of Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula. On July 30, 2025, an 8.8-magnitude earthquake struck in the nearby ocean, apparently jolting one of the two volcanoes awake. A few days later, for the first time in nearly five centuries, Krasheninnikov started erupting. Since then, the northern volcano has been spilling a steady, eastward-flowing field of molten rock and debris, and the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission has been tracking the changes in the landscape.

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Changing counterions gives molecular materials new electronic behaviors

Orthogonally arranged π-electronic systems that combine electron-donating and electron-accepting units display distinctive electronic and photophysical behavior. Fine-tuning their electronic structure offers a way to control photoinduced electron transfer. Building on this idea, complexing boron with 1,3-diketones and 9-oxidophenalenone may produce electron-deficient cationic π-electronic systems.

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What is not perceived as abuse in youth sports may be part of sexual violence

Sexual violence against minors in sports is a reality that goes largely unnoticed, despite data suggesting it is not an isolated phenomenon. According to a report by the GIKAFIT research group at EHU in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, 20% of participants had experienced behavior of a sexual nature from their coaches, including kissing on the lips, expressions of sexual interest and direct proposals for sexual relations.

Original sourcePhys.org - latest science and technology news stories